Urban agriculture plays an important role in ensuring food security and employment for the growing urban population. However, urbanization and scarcity of arable land in Ho Chi Minh City are posing great challenges for agriculture. Although urban agriculture has the potential to address food and employment shortages, there are still some bottlenecks that need intervention. Previous studies have focused on specific aspects, such as technology, value chains or policies, but there is still a research gap in the comprehensive analysis of factors that can change the development path of urban agriculture systems. By implementing statistical analysis techniques, this study builds an analytical framework including 6 groups of structural factors: Natural conditions; Policy; Technology; Market; Human resources and Investment capital. Thereby, the study will provide detailed information to support the development of policy instruments and technological innovation for urban agriculture development.