Taxonomic research on the faunal groups of Sri Lanka has undergone tremendous growth since the 1990s, resulting in the discovery and scientific description of several new species. This publication is intended to collate and present updated information on the status of taxonomy, research and conservation of different groups of fauna in Sri Lanka in order to facilitate and enhance research, education, awareness and conservation activities. Continued taxonomic research will provide a sound scientific foundation on which conservation and management decisions about the fauna of Sri Lanka can be based.