This Yale University Publications in Anthropology volume presents investigations of Peruvian archaeological sites, focusing on early developments in coastal, highland, and cloud forest environments. The contributors provide new perspectives on early Andean civilization by exploring patterns of interaction, authority, and socioeconomic organization during the first and second millennia B.C. in the Central Andes of Peru. Large-scale subjects such as architecture, organization, technology, and ideology are examined, in addition to fine-grained topics including animal bones, pottery style and technology, site orientation, and religious iconography.