“It was Friday the 2nd of October 2015. I was driving home from a meeting of the National Alliance. My mobile phone rang and I picked it up. The caller on the other side asked me whether I heard the martial music which started playing that afternoon on the government’s radio and television. My heart sprang up. In Sudan martial music is usually played when a military coup d’etat has taken place and it is usually on a weekend. Could the coup that the regime has been alleging without proof have finally arrived? But, why after the peace agreement was signed? Or could it be a Palace Coup from disgruntled elements within the regime?” In this book Dr Lam Akol narrates first-hand the events of Friday 2 October 2015 when South Sudan President Salva Kiir Mayardit surprised the nation by dividing the country into 28 states instead of the 10 enshrined in the Constitution and stipulated in the peace agreement he had signed less than two months earlier. He examines the possible reasons behind the decision; the local and international reactions to it; taking the matter to court and how the issue became the most controversial point during the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)-mediated peace talks. The book examines the diplomatic and political moves and actions that finally tilted the balance towards a triumph for constitutionalism and the return to 10 states in South Sudan.