Bangladesh National Museum preserves five classes of Bangladeshi traditional musical instruments made of various elements and made in different manufacturing mode. This classification is harmonized with the classification what Bharata Muni did in around 400 BC. He discussed in his Natyashastra on ‘three fold' application of the musical instrument in the performances of the play. He also discussed the specific characters of sound, scale, rhythm, hearing. cadence, melody etc the instruments produce. Later, in the seventeenth century, the Bengali apic-poet Alaol and Abdul Hakim wrote about the musical instruments and their tunes, sound-scale, rhythm, melody etc. According to their instruction and our observation of history of music and comparative theories, the Bangladesh National Museum divides the musical instruments into five Parts. This book in six chapters presents the pictorial description of the musical instruments preserved in the Bangladesh National Museum. They are not only mainstream Bengali musical instruments but also the traditional musical instruments of Bangladeshi ethnic communities and some globally used instruments popular in Bangladesh.