Bengal is the name of the territorial unit of the region referred to here given by the Muslim rulers in the mediaeval era. From then on, this territorial unit came to be known differently in different periods of history. Lastly, the Bengal Province was partitioned into East Bengal and West Bengal on 14 August 1947 when India earned freedom from the British. East Bengal became the eastern wing of Pakistan, created by dividing British India into Pakistan and free India, and West Bengal was annexed with Independent India. This book describes the political process of Bengal including dual administration and establishment of British Rule in Bengal; territorial expansion and founding of British Empire in India; Resistance movements in Bengal and beyond; establishment of Crown rule in British Indian Empire; awakening consciousness, nationalism and political movements; terrorist revolutions and repressive administrative policies; constitutional development and Legislative Councils; ministries in Bengal and state of administration 1935 - 1947; and Indian independence and creation of Pakistan. It also describes the economic conditions of Bengal during colonial rule.