The Australian Soil and Land Survey Field Handbook specifies methods and terminology for soil and land surveys. It is widely used throughout Australia, providing the official source of definitions and codes for the characterisation of landform, vegetation, land surface, soil and substrate. This fourth edition incorporates significant revisions in all chapters with the exception of substrate. Changes include the removal of redundant concepts, clarification of concepts and introduction of new concepts, as well as some restructuring of text. There has also been significant addition of text to some sections to fill in gaps and improve clarity of key concepts. Specific updates include new terms added to the Landform chapter; a significant rewrite of the Vegetation chapter to make it more compliant with national standards and methods that have emerged in the last decade; and rearrangement of microrelief and expansion of the mass movement section in the Land Surface.